Labour Market Institutions , Product Market Regulation , and Innovation : Cross - Country

نویسنده

  • Ekkehard Ernst
چکیده

/RESUME In this paper we present comparative evidence from OECD countries concerning the impact of product and labour market regulations on innovation. While product and labour market policies usually aim at objectives other than innovation, they may have important consequences for the profitability of firms' innovative strategies. Our regression analysis provides some crosscountry evidence that enhancing competition in the product market-while guaranteeing intellectual property rights-seems to have a positive impact on the innovation performance of a country. Conversely, the relationship between innovation and job protection does not seem to be univocal. The sign and magnitude of the effect of the latter crucially depends on the systems of industrial relations and the specific characteristics of each industry. Indeed, the larger the scope for resorting to internal labour markets, the lower the adjustment costs imposed by labour market regulation. Moreover, in industries with a cumulative knowledge base, employment protection and coordinated industrial relation regimes, by aligning workers' and firms' objectives and encouraging firm-sponsored training as well as the accumulation of firm-specific competencies, allow firms to fully exploit the potential of the internal labour market. Institutions du marché du travail, réglementation du marché des produits et innovation: évidence en coupe transversale. Dans ce papier nous présentons de l'évidence comparative concernant l'impact de la réglementation des marchés du travail et des produits sur l'innovation dans les pays de l'OCDE. Même si une telle réglementation a en général pour but des objectives autres que l'innovation, elle peut avoir des conséquences importantes pour la rentabilité des stratégies innovatrices des entreprises. Nos régressions avancent de l'évidence transversale qu'une augmentation de la concurrence sur le marché des produits – tout en garantissant les droits de propriété intellectuelle – semble avoir un impact positif sur la performance innovatrice d'un pays. En revanche, la relation entre l'innovation et la protection de l'emploi ne semble pas être sans ambiguïté. Le signe et l'importance de cette dernière dépend de manière cruciale du système des relations industrielles et des caractéristiques de chaque industrie. En effet, plus les marchés internes du travail sont importants, moins la réglementation du marché du travail impose des coûts d'ajustement. Par ailleurs, dans les industries avec une base de connaissance cumulative, la protection de l'emploi et la coordination du système des relations industrielles permettent aux entreprises d'exploiter pleinement le potentiel du marché interne du travail en alignant les objectifs des employés et des employeurs et en encourageant la formation …

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تاریخ انتشار 2002